In the FX Television show "Sons of
Anarchy" we get a unique look of two types of family units
portrayed in a media. Not only do we have the modern family of step
parents, but a very tribal extended family. It is also in a very non
traditional setting, being the family is based on or around an outlaw
motorcycle club. To an outsider this is a gang, but the inner
workings of the average American motorcycle club is the closest thing
to family some of it's members will ever know. Understanding this you
will see the roles of mentor, brother, friend, and disciplinarian
played out in most every episode. The interactions between people in
and out of the club are an easy way to judge the reverence that
members hold for similar groups. We can also look at the family unit
the main character, Jackson "Jax" Teller grew up in, and
its affect on his own concept of immediate family as he takes on role
of father and dutiful son. Jax (played by Charlie Hunnam) is raised
by his mother, his step father and the MC. His step father is the
clubs president, and Jax is the Vice President. This furthers his
role as both a father and son.
There is very little research showing the
relationship based communications between traditional father and son
roles. Most of the research reflects preadolescence and development
with an adult father of birth. Step parents are rarely reflected in
communication and delve deeper into the psychological. What little
there is to offer in the aspects of communication does show
similarities with normal father/son behavior. Parenting in general
appears to be summed up in the aspect of interpersonal communication
as a passing of values and beliefs to your young, in the hopes that
they will continue to model their behavior and habits as you have.
In SOA you see Jax being raised by the MC, and
receiving a large array of values from them. You also see Jax
learning things from Clay (step father) and Gemma (Biological mother)
and passing them onto his children. You see the behaviors transferred
from one group to another. Every member of this male dominated outlaw
motorcycle gang also talks of SAMCRO (Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club
Redwood Originals) as a great mythical perfect family. They do things
for the family, the club is worth more then their own freedom. This
is a sense of family loyalty is taught through a regime of fear mixed
with love in a very nontraditional sense of family communication.
In a normal healthy relationship between a
father and son, values are passed down through conversation,
tutelage, and system of rewards of affection with a mild amount of
discipline. Sometimes that discipline is brought on in the form of
corporal punishment. In SAMCRO the values are brought on with the
ideals of corporal punishment being first. The language is used in
the upbringing is very "We" internally, very "I"
externally, and punishment is dealt out with that I/we concept.
Father figures like the President, and the Vice President deal out
punishment to their fellow Sons. The whole group equally hand out
punishment to non sons with impunity. Rewards are rarely external,
and internally the value system of the rewards is based on very
nontraditional values as well. While some receive rewards of
affection, material things, or praise, the Sons find great value is
something as simple as a patch.
While in a traditional extended family you
will see a heavier influence by the immediate family, in this MC
though its the needs of the extended family that come first. It is a
strange juxtaposition of the ideals of self based freedoms and the
personal sacrifice of those freedoms. The openness expressed within
the group is balanced with the external need for silent protection.
It is when those roles are reversed that you see conflict in the
club. Secrets are for others and not for this family. This is
enforced by the perceived father figure the club itself represents.
Not the president but the mob mentality of the club itself. Like a
corporation the club is a person. It lives and breaths, and has the
reach of all hands.
"The proportion of children who live
with only one parent at some time during their childhood years is
expected to continue exceeding 50%" (Kelly, 2011) While this
could be an issue as far as passing family values and providing life
needs for the child, more providers take a smaller portion of the
roles traditionally held by two parental units. When they need a
decision made on a hard subject they go to "church", or
hold a democratic vote on the direction of the club and every patched
member is allowed a vote. Depending on the severity you could expect
a different level of approval. The greatest risk does not always mean
unanimous votes. These votes are the voice of the father that is the
table. This is the role many of these men look for. Many of them on
an individual basis did not have the ideal fatherly role. They did
not have the order so the appeal of the outlaw gang is the father
they never really had, and a father that was a part of a life of
adventure.
In the very first episode you see Jax as the
young buck, the Beta male. Clay his step father is firm in his role
as the Alpha male. He looks to Clay as his father, and looks for
approval for all his moves. You see the need for that praise. You see
that traditional role filled in a very traditional sense, even if by
his step father. As the first season progress's you see that
rebellion of youth. Jax is not sure why all the time, and he grows
suspicious of Clay's motives and direction. The early acts of
rebellion stack on each other, and the only thing that stops a more
rapid escalation is desires and needs of the club. The club members
even step on Jax's more then once to keep this order in place. Many
of them have one issue or another with some of the actions that Clay
initiates, however their love for the club (their father figure)
supersedes logic in most cases.
By the second season you see the typical
father/son rebellion come to a head with Clay and Jax fighting in
jail. The rest of the boys prevent others from stepping in. Bobby
Elvis even states clearly that they need this, and that the club
needs it for them to work out their shit. The correctional officers
break it up before a clear victor in the fisticuffs can be decided,
but Clays arthritic were an obvious factor. If given time the old dog
would have been replaced by the young dog before he was ready to
lead. The same Bobby Elvis that supported the fight even offers Jax
some personal advice. He tells him to settle his personal beef as it
were. It is not good for the club, and Clay had earned the respect
of age. It was not his place to bury it, he had earned that right
while Jax hadn't. Here you can clearly see the hierarchy of value
placed on shared risk. This giving Clay, the established older
member, and great amount of social currency.
In the third season you see a deeper pay of
Jax's accepting his role as a father. Other then a few scenes before
this you really do not see him step up as a dad in the previous
seasons. He pays it the lip service it deserves, but little more then
that. He puts down his dead fathers journal and shifts his focus from
the club to his family. Granted it took a Belfast gunrunner
kidnapping his son, but he makes it his focus. He still handles the
business of the club, but he does it to serve him in his quest to get
his son back. He sells prescription drugs on the black market,
instigates a clearing a gang war, even participates in a few murders
along the way. He gets his priorities straight in losing something he
didn't even know had that much value to him to begin with. You see
the shift on the personal perception for Jax here, and his identity
becomes more of the role of the father, and less of the dutiful son.
This also ties in deep with his shift to his immediate family from
the extended family.
By the fourth season starts you see Jax settle
into the role as a father, husband, and trying to establish a more
traditional family life. This shift in identity actually helps him
assume his role as the new voice of the club. As he tries to run away
from his responsibilities the role fits him better and demands his
accession. It is the spirit of the father in the club that takes
control of his destiny. Actions build and build preventing his and
his families chance to escape the Sons. The development of body
language in Jax shows this sorrow well. Watch the first episode, then
watch the last episode of season four. The change is well acted. The
shoulders are heavy with regret, his face lined with determination.
It took time for him to understand his burden, and when he did, he no
longer wanted to be the father figure. The burden is his though, and
heavy is the head that wears the crown.
The
value system that is passed on through the club is summed up in a
quote from John Teller, Jax's dead father. "A true outlaw
finds the balance between the passion in his heart and the reason in
his mind. The outcome is the balance of might and right." This
is the very masculine outlook developed through years of study of
beat poets, underground writers, and people from outside the social
norms. It is this foundation that develops the norms for this tribal
group that prides itself from being outside the norm. These male
roles will develop into a serious gestalt that is an embrace of
anarchist masculinity. The beliefs are enforced by a mutual need of
survival and a sense of the only order they can understand.
A strong moral establishment offers a sounding
board of morality from which a family can draw on. Many people are
coming from single parent households and most times this means a
distinct lack of the father figure in their life. In this is is hard
for a father to pass on his values to the children, and the image
masculine behavior is watered down. There are an additional 36
million Americans who are divorced or widowed U.S. Census, 2007 (Gold,
2010) This is based on a population of 225 million, and an additional
35 million people that are remarried at the time. Based in this
thirty five percent of children are not raised by their biological
father in daily contact, if there is contact at all. Here the strong
code, this draw or guide to the young men, this need for boundaries
and understanding, is filled by the Motorcycle Club. Now instead of
one father, these young men are being taught how to be a man by a
pack of very masculine archetypes. Something other young men are
lacking, having traditional masculine habits vilified or offered in
satire.
The appeal of this violent culture is apparent
in the eyes of curious young men. A scruffy biker drives by on a
thunderous machine surrounded by other like minded men, and you will
see many children staring in awe. It is this life or death culture
that appeals to the young man struggling with his identity in our
watered down culture or male role models. Mom does not know what it
means to be a man. She may have a great idea of what it takes to be a
good person. She might even have an idea of what it does not mean to
be a man. This leaves young boys searching for a strong male role
model that can teach them the ins and outs of being a man. This is
the appeal of this mass father offered by the MC, and portrayed
rather well in "Sons of Anarchy". These are men who have
embraced the positive and negative images of manhood. Life is give or
take on the streets of Charming, CA. It is the men of value that
survive, and it is the men of honor that are praised for their
sacrifice. They protect their family, and their home. They offer an
image of near mythical proportions, and how could this not be
appealing to someone trying to come to terms with their own concepts
of male identity?
In seeing this extreme dramatization of the
male iconography, we can break down the evolution of masculine
behavior and see the new social norms. If you look to the older
concepts of a father son relationship, you see hunting trips, boy
scout meetings, and the transfer of traditional masculine behaviors.
Most of the behaviors are being brought to a shameful reflection now
and it is not as socially acceptable to be a man or overtly masculine
anymore. Boy scouts are played off as homophobic fundamentalist and
hunting trips are considered barbaric. The things we pass down to our
sons are no longer identified with being a man. Even automotive
repairs are degraded to menial task and not associated with
masculinity. It is no longer socially acceptable unless you are
androgynous or overtly feminine.
This is were the "Sons of Anarchy"
come in. The appeal of the stereotypical masculine relationships are
served through the grouping of the motorcycle club. You are raised up
like a child as you prospect. You are taken hunting when you are on
the road maneuvering against other motorcycle clubs. You are taught
that violence is not done in your home, but it is a great way to
defend your home. You get to see all the things that people vilified
as manly behavior in the safe light of the dramatic outlaw biker
gang. The appeal is that the social pendulum has swung away from the
masculine, yet here you can see it in a way that is tolerated by
society. Yes these are manly things, but they are in a fictitious
group that also functions outside of the the law. The father son
traditions are projected in the most negative manner so they can be
absorbed safely and still feed the need for people to feel their
masculinity.
I enjoy watching this show based on all those
issues. It allows us to secretly enjoy those parts of our social
behavior in a guilt free way. We can ride on the back of the danger
and socialize with rough characters. We see the honor code that is a
huge part of this dark and violent world. It calls to a neglected
social need, and lets us feel what is like to be men. We can live
vicariously through Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, Halfsack, and even Gema. We
get to experience all those things we are told we supposed to be
ashamed of. Once a week we can be men without shame. We can enjoy a
relationship with a father we never really had. Our fathers can watch
this and feel the same way. It is the forbidden fruit of male social
standards.